How to Use Flash Cards to Study Chemistry

Flash cards can be a great study aid. You can use them to help memorize facts, lists, and structures as well as to reinforce important concepts. Heres how to prepare and use flash cards to study. Learning Facts with Flash Cards Start with a stack of blank index cards.On one side of a card, write a question or name of a structure you need to memorize. On the back of the card, write the answer. Limit yourself to one fact per card.Prepare as many cards as you need.To use the cards effectively, view the question and quiz yourself. Do you know the answer? Check the back of the card. If you answered correctly, set the card aside. If you were wrong, place the card on the back of your stack so that you will see it again.Proceed through your stack of cards. Set aside cards you get right and continue through cards you get wrong until you have gotten all questions/answers correct.Now shuffle the cards and repeat the process.Practice makes perfect, so if you get frustrated, set the cards aside and come back to them. Go through your cards every day (or more often, if you are cramming). Memorizing a List with Flash Cards If you are memorizing an ordered list, try to guess the next card before you look at it. Continue through your list until you get a wrong answer.With the cards in the same order, start from the beginning and go through the cards to see if you can get further.For long lists, it may help to break the list up into manageable pieces, such as three smaller stacks of cards. Once you get the smaller stacks correct, put them together and see if you can recite the entire list.

The Latino Model Roberto Clemente Essay - 1571 Words

During the mid-1950’s, Major League Baseball was in the midst of an influential movement. Jackie Robinson had broken baseball’s â€Å"color barrier† in 1947, which helped usher in the participation of other minorities, especially the Latinos. Just as the blacks were faced with adversity, the Latino players experienced the same. The teams integrated slowly and sportswriters often scorned the players having difficulty developing English as a second language (Regalado 678). Roberto Clemente joined this complicated era of baseball and his reputation was backed with a stellar baseball career, which set the foundation for the involvement of many other Latino players. With Clemente’s cultivated background, one can see how he became to be one of†¦show more content†¦Not only did he have the individual statistics, but he also helped lead the Pirates to two World Series Championships, in 1960 and 1971; he won the MVP for the 1971 series as well. He thought about retirement after the 1971 season but felt there was more to be gained in representing the Latino population. Following the 1972, where he had achieved the milestone of 3,000 career hits, he went to deliver aid to earthquake victims in Nicaragua but perished when his plane crashed in the ocean. A few months after his death, in April 1973, the Baseball Writers of America voted to induct Clemente into the Baseball Hall of Fame, where he became the first Latino player to ever be inducted. While he may seem he couldn’t have been any better on the field, he was just as great off the field. Clemente knew that leadership and social responsibility in the Latino world was also a part of his career (Regalado 679). In fact, he stated, â€Å"Lots of kids will try to imitate me, and maybe I will have the chance to do some good for people,† in an interview with the New York Times (Regalado 679). Clemente’s presence on and off the field challenged the misconceptions about Latino players, especially those from Puerto Rico, by the typical American at the time. Driven by the need to succeed, he emerged as a symbol for not only Latino recognition but also Puerto Rican (Regalado 683). Many Latinos left their homelands to

Project on Industrial Building System-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Critical Success Factors in the Management of Rebuilding Dilapidated Schools Projects Using the Industrialised Building System Method. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to apply integrating theories on the research project on industrial building system for renovation of the dilapidated school projects. The framework of the compete project is divided into three criteria which should be focused for applying effective integrating theories to resolve the issues which exist with the proposed project which are classified as Increasing demand of IBS in Malaysia, linking of the IBS technology with the proposal of renovating the dilapidated schools project and proposal of the conceptual framework based on the research questions undertaken to develop an effective design of the project (Yusof, 2016). In this paper we are looking forward to undertake the literature review on the integration theories which plays an important role in resolving the issues which exist with the project of renovation in Malaysia. The management of the activities and the scheduling program can be effectively done by the application of the integration theor y according to the requirement of the project. The emphasis should be given on the renovation process structure which should be followed for renovating the schools within the prescribed deadline of completion. The undertaken process should make use of technological advancement in the area of construction program. The integration of the theories with the requirement of the project can be applied in four perspective view (Zakaria, 2016). The first area is to focus on same problem or objective with different point of view. Second area is to undergone a research on the basis of assumptions made for the project. The third area is to clarify the domain of the research agenda. The last one is used for applying two different theories on the same data set to measure the efficiency of the theory applied. The literature review on the requirement of the renovation in the schools of Malaysia helps in overcoming the research gaps which exist in the traditional projects. Literature review: The research is undertaken for reviewing the gaps which exist with the proposed system. The complexity of the project is the major hazard for the development of the effective phases for the renovation of the schools. It is difficult to develop a project initiation phase and the project post review phase for upgrading the school construction. The work breakdown structure of the project depends on the analysis of the human resource required for completing the project. The roles and responsibilities should be divided according to the skills and expertise of the selected members to perform the specified task. The critical and creative thinking of the top executives plays an important role in the analysis of the expertise of the team member to provide relevant responsibilities for completing the project. The integration and the coordination of the project activities help in developing good and healthy relationship and feeling of cooperation among the team members. The project manager has a key responsibility of selecting the process for developing the renovation strategy for the project of dilapidated schools in Malaysia. The emphasis should be given on the renovation process structure which should be followed for renovating the schools within the prescribed deadline of completion. The undertaken process should make use of technological advancement in the area of construction program. The legal and the social issues which assist with the project should be proactively solved to overcome scenario of distraction. The scope of the project is to deploy the industrial building system for carrying out the renovation process required for the project of dilapidated schools. The industrial building system is advantageous for identifying the risks and issues which exist with the participating internal and external parties such as employees, government, working culture, and technology used, undertaken process or strategies, complexity in managing communication flow, and other. The critical issues which can create the problem of project delay and overrunning of the cost can be effectively handled with the use of industrial building system program. The quality of the outcome helps in analysing the effectiveness of the process undertaken for completing the project with the association of industrial building system. The satisfaction level of the stakeholders helps in analysing the critical success factors which plays an important role in completing the project on time with quality standards. The research agenda is to focus on resolving the major problem to analyse the efficiency of the project manager in developing perception of process or strategies to get better result of renovating the school, which techniques should be used by the project manager in completing the project within time, and the factors which helps in using the IBS system efficiently in the proposed project of renovation. The application of right theory on predicting the research agenda helps in getting quality result for the integration of industrial building system approach with the renovation of the dilapidated schools (Okere, 2017). The complexity theory is applied in the given project to resolve the complex structure of the project. The analysis of the critical factors of the project such as availability of the expert labour according to the requirement of the process, strategies developed for the project, managing communication flow between internal and external parties, change in the requirement of the project owner, and others helps in resolving the complexity of the project without any distraction at the end of the project completion. The application of the complexity theory helps in resolving the critical issues which exist with the project (Saggaf, 2016). It helps in implies the ethical conduct of the behaviour in the team members. The chaos and conflicts of the team members can be effectiv ely resolved with the complexity theory. The learning curve theory is used for managing the relationship between cumulative number and association of the production time. The project manager is responsible for the deployment of management techniques in the process undertaking for finishing the job. The project manager gains confidence by the repetitive process undertaken for sharpening the managerial skills. The operational capability of the equipment can be enhanced for increasing the productivity. The organizational theory is applied by the manager for improving the organizational chart for the management of information flow (Walid, 2012). The association of the different groups helps in creating new ideas and opinions on developing the associate organization culture. The interdependencies should be managed between the working groups of the project undertaken. The project objective can be achieved with the establishing of communication flow among the employees of the enterprise. T he norms and regulation should be developed for generating official and unofficial culture. It helps in managing the conflict and chaos among the team members. The application of the complexity theory is helpful in identifying and improving the perception of the manager for developing effective renovation of the dilapidated school. The IBS method is used for developing the construction of the school. The organizational theory helps in identifying the factors responsible for managing the implementation of the industrial building system. The factors which play an important role in developing the project within the period of time are availability of expert labour, supply and demand of managing resources on the site location, deployment of effective strategies, and others. The effective relationship can be maintained between small and large scale projects for developing a high quality renovation technique. The learning curve theory is useful for bringing change in the organization effectively. The focus should be given on the community located near the school. The industrial building system is used for assessing the requirement of the renovation on the school. The success of the project depends on the analysis of the internal and external factors which are associated with the project lifecycle. The renovation is required on the development of the walls, development of the structural system, and management of the constructions solution. There are different elements which should be focused for the renovation program. The implementation of the industrial building system in the practical scenario of construction is emphasised on five processes which are categorised as initiation of the work, requirement and resources required for the project, managing supply and demand of resources and equipment at the construction site, installation of the technological component which can initiate the construction process, and development of final construction project. The project manager should focus on the critical success factors for the projects so that the project activities should not be delayed (Mydin, 2014). The issues related to government rules and policies should be resolved with the consideration given to designing and technical factors. The analysis of managing supply and demand of resources according to the requirement of the project helps in achieving the control over the construction process. The construction process undertaken for the renovation of the dilapidated school can be enhanced with the use of technological advancement techniques (Kassim, 2012). The IBS process helps in synchronizing the activities related to installation of beam, column, and walls. The success of the project depends on the maintenance of effective communication channel between the internal team members and external government agencies. The allocation of resources and responsibilities to the project team hired for completing the project activities can be explained with the help of imposing organization theory to develop effective flow of communication between different units of team (Nawi, 2015). The application of the complexity theory can be effectively applied for managing the strategies and processes to resolve the uncertainty associated with the smooth working of the project operation. The uncertainty associated with the project management methodology, strategies, procedures, and other can be predicted efficiently with the use of complexity theory (Kamar, 2013). The learning curve theory is used for monitoring and maintenance of the project. It focuses on the quality of the project to ensure the success and failure of the project. The sustainability of the project can be measured with the help of value added factors which are used for taking decision effectively to analyse the critical path of the project. The change management theory helps in adding new features to the project which helps in the renovation of the school by focusing on the trend and technology. The emphasis on the risk management helps in completing the project with efficiency and effectiveness to achieve long term sustainability of the project. The top down strategically designed plan helps in achieving the cohesiveness in the construction process undertaken by the project manager to renovate the school. The deployment of the industrial building system with the association of theoretical framework helps in achieving the objectives of the proposed project. The perception of the project manager can be broaden with the help of creative thinking fundamentals which results in intensifying renovation procedures laid down for improvement. The possible outcome of the rebuilding procedures laid down can be effectively measure (Erdene, 2015). The IBS system is successful in examining the internal and external factors which plays an important role in the development of the rebuilding of the dilapidated school. The success of the project can be measured by analysing the application of the proposed framework to resolve the issues and challenges which exist with the traditional working of the school. During the research analysis, we found that conventional methods are not applicable for the development of the project (Azhari, 2012). In the proposed project, we undertake the business project with t he application of industrial building project with the analysis of theoretical framework for the effective working of the project phases. The complete project is divided into five phases process which are named as process of initiation, process of planning, execution of the project, monitoring and control of the project, and review of the post-performance of the project. The successful completion of all the stages which are designed for the renovation of the school helps in achieving the project objective and mission. The use of new technological advancement equipment helps in completing the project within the time line and without overrunning of the cost of the project. The industrial building system focuses on the key areas to unite them with the functional program of the project. The key areas of the project are categorised as Man, method, material, and monitoring. The effective utilization of the human resource helps in the development of the project within the budget approved f or the project because they will be capable of managing their requirement within the material available with the use of proposed methodology (Zawawi, 2012). The monitoring of the complete system results into the elimination of flaws from the proposed model of rebuilding the dilapidated school. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the proposed framework of industrial building system can be effectively applied on the construction of the renovation project for the dilapidated school. The use of theoretical framework helps in managing the relationship between man, material, method, and monitoring efficiently between the undertaken units of the proposed project. The research objective can be effectively achieved by using the process structure of industrial building system. The project manager is responsible for the deployment of management techniques in the process undertaking for finishing the job. The project manager gains confidence by the repetitive process undertaken for sharpening the managerial skills. The critical and creative thinking of the top executives plays an important role in the analysis of the expertise of the team member to provide relevant responsibilities for completing the project. The association of the different groups helps in creating new ideas and opinions on d eveloping the associate organization culture. The IBS process helps in synchronizing the activities related to installation of beam, column, and walls. The IBS technology is the most suitable process structure for completing the project of renovation within the approved period of time and under budget. References: Azhari, M. (2012). Drivers, Barriers, and critical success factors in adopting industrialized building system. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%209%20Issue%204%20August%2014/Volume%20(9)%20Issue%20(4)%20490-501.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Erdene, M. (2015). Towards safer school construction: A community based approach. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/45179_towardssaferschoolconstruction2015_0.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Kamar, K. (2013). Industrialized building system: The critical success factors. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB_DC29275.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Kassim, U. (2012). The application of the industrialized building system in Malaysia. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263091032_THE_APPLICATION_OF_THE_INDUSTRIALISED_BUILDING_SYSTEM_IBS_IN_MALAYSIA_A_CASE_STUDY_IN_THE_STATE_OF_PERLIS [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Mydin, O. (2014). Investigation of industrialized building system performance in comparison to conventional construction method. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2014/01/matecconf_bust2013_04001.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Nawi, M. (2015). Study on the use of industrialized building system in Malaysian private construction projects. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282808207_Study_on_the_use_of_industrialised_building_system_IBS_in_Malaysian_private_construction_projects [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Okere, C. (2017). The critical success factors for stakeholder management in the restoration of built heritage assets. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://usir.salford.ac.uk/44908/3/C__Chika%20Udeaja_Research%20Activities_Research%20Paper_IJBPA-2017_Final-Draft_-_June_2017-corrected.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Saggaf, A. (2016). Industrialized building system- an Innovative construction method. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2017/15/matecconf_sicest2017_05001.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Walid, L. (2012). Awareness of the industrialized building system Implementation. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://ac.els-cdn.com/S187770581300129X/1-s2.0-S187770581300129X-main.pdf?_tid=eccd5cb9-eb78-45a9-a480-c97ed2d4cb1facdnat=1522602589_8e6cfe74c47cfc4dc4dfc3b016684cfc [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Yusof, M. (2016). Industrialized building system of work. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309412879_Industrialized_building_system_plan_of_work [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Zakaria, A. (2016). Key factor influencing the decision to adopt industrialised building system technology in the Malaysian construction industry. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17452007.2017.1298512 [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018]. Zawawi, M. (2012). Effectiveness of Industrialized building system implementation for Malaysian construction industry. 1st ed. [ebook]. https://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1700/1/MARDHIAH_ZAWAWI.pdf [Accessed 01 Apr. 2018].

Police in ancient India Essay Example For Students

Police in ancient India Essay Ð nupam Sharma The concept of rule of taw and the administration of justice has heen known to exist in India ever since the vedas came to be recognised as they were synthesis of Drame Maintenance of law and order prevention and detention of crime in the society is the prime responsibility of police since ancient limes so that selfish elements may not supress and exploit the weak and harmony could be maintained in the society The prime characteristics of ancient police sy stem was its community orientation, functional specialisation, decentralisation and expertizaon. To a great extent the accountability of police force was towards the masses. Conceptually, the word ‘police’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘Polis’ that is a city. The Latin ‘Politeia’ which means conditions of a state or government. However, in administrative terminology police is being considered as an executive civil force of a state to which is entrusted the duty of maintenance of public order and enforcing regulations for prevention and detention of crime. Succinctly, it may be said that the police came in existence in society with the existence of man. The term ‘Police’ according to the Oxford dictionary means â€Å"a system of regulation for the preservation of order and the enforcement of law. According to the Royal Commission on Police Powers and Procedure 1929, a Policeman is a person paid to perform, as a matter of duty, acts, which, if he were so minded, he might have one voluntarily. The concept of rule of law and the administration of justice has been known to exist in India ever since t he Vedas came to be recognized as they were synthesis of Dhrama. The concept of crime was there. Manu classified crimes fewer than eighteen heads amongst which, were included assault, defamation, theft, robbery, adultery, violence, gambling and betting. Manu refers to the police function prevalent in his times for the prevention and detention of crime. According to P.V. Kane, the police problems of the most ancient village communities of India were confirmed mainly to cattle theft, murder and adultery. The police problems of the most ancient village communities of India were confined mainly to cattle theft, murder and adultery. Balmiki’s Ramayana furnishes glimpses of policemen on patrol security, guards and spies. The Apasthamba Dharmasatra (600-300 BC) prescribes that the king should appoint in towns and villages officers and subordinates, who are pure and truthful for the protection of the subjects against thieves and who arc to be made to make good what is stolen, that is, ‘if the king docs not punish the guilty, he incurs sinâ₠¬â„¢, that, in disputes judges should be men of learning, clever and fulfilling their duties, and that â€Å"witnesses were to tell the truth. In the Bhagvadgita the good qualities ascribed to a gentleman can very well be fixed for a policeman. â€Å"Fearlessness, purity of mind, wise apportionment of knowledge and concentration, charity, self control and sacrifice, study of the scriptures, austerity and uprightness. â€Å"Non-violence, truth, freedom from anger, renunciation, tranquillity, aversion to fault findings, compassion to living beings, freedom from covetousness gentlenese, modesty and steadiness (absence of fickleness)†. â€Å"Vigour, forgiveness, fortitude, purity, freedom from malice and excessive pride-these, PandaVa (Arjuna), are the endowments of him who is born in the divine nature†. Mauryan Period If we take Mauryan administrative system into consideration it may be evident that Mauryan empire was truly a Police State. The entire system was bifurcated in Pranta, now known as Province, Pradesh known as commissioners, Vishaya known as district, Nagar as cities and Gram as village. The head of such district used to be known as   Vishayapati. He was responsible to maintain peace while preventing and detecting crimes in the district. The district further devisable in sthaniya, generally constituted on 800 villages and functioning under the charge of an officer known as Sthanic. Sthaniya was further divided in the administrative units of Kharvatik, Dronmukh and Sangrahan, Gop was the officer at this stage and responsibility was to maintain law and order in his area of operation. The village head-man known as Gramini was responsible for the police activities in the village. He used to discharge his duties with the help of village community. Thus at the grassroot level, in those day s a collective policing was in operation. Bach officer was accountable to his superior one and thus he used to report about the problems to his senior officers who were supposed to take proper action. Apart from this general police structure the special police with a functional specialization was also operative. For instance, officer like Chaur Rajjuka and Vivitadhyaksha were considered to be an expert in apprehending thieves. The officer may be considered as predecessor to present times C.I.D. Briefly, this was the district police organization. In the district generally a few towns were also functional which had a different police organization. Normally the cities or towns used to be set-up for strategic and economic reasons and they used to be called according to their nature. For instance, if a city had a fort it used to be known as Durg Nagar. Similarly, a river town may be called as pattan and a general town as Sthaniya. The chief of the town police was known as Nagaradhyaksha or Nagarik. He may be considered as the counterpart to the commissioner of police of the present days. .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 , .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .postImageUrl , .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 , .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040:hover , .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040:visited , .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040:active { border:0!important; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040:active , .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040 .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u89afb59d91b38192886920549e9df040:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fab India Case Study EssayThe duties of the Nagarikas who later on came to be known as Kotwal, have been defined in detail by Kautilya. As per contemporary municipal laws, measters of houses were to report the arrival or departure of strangers and way fairers and catch hold of persons of doubtful characters and possessed of destructive weapons. Suspicious persons were to be arrested and punished. Even persons throwing dirt on the street were to be punished. The Nagarikas were expected to maintain law and order and look after the administration of jails and check up daily the defence of the city. He took custody of the lost property. Elaborate arrangements were made for the protection of the fire. The detailed duties of Nagarikas were thus described by Kautilya â€Å"persons whose family subsist on slender means of inheritance, who have little or no comfort, who frequently change their residence, caste and the names   not only of themselves but also of their family (Gotra), who conceal their own avocations and calls, who have been taken themselves to such luxurious modes of life as eating flesh and condiments, drinking liquor, wearing flower garlands, fine dress and jewels, who have been squandering away their money, who constantly move with profligate women, gamblers, or virtues, who frequently leave their residence who hold secret meeting in lonely places near to, or far from, their residence, who hurry as to get their wounds or boils cured these and other persons may be suspected to be either murderers or robbers or offenders guilty of misappropriation of treasure trove or deposits or to be any other kind of subsisting by foul means secretly emp loyed. The entire city used to be divided into four parts, each part being headed by an officer known as Sthanik, a counter part to the present superintendent of police. On a unit of 10 to 40 houses there used to be an officer known as Gop and his duty was not only to provide security to the residents but also keep a close eye on their activities. Guards known as Rakshak used to patrol the lane and bi-lane of the city and city and stationed at Chatushakhas (Chaukies) and Gulm (Gumaties). In nutshell this was the organizational structure of police at district level during Mauryan times. Kautilya is his Arthasastra, has described at length, nine groups of spies who were utilized for exercising watch on different kinds of people, including government officials, citizens, thieves, adulterators, criminals, forgers, coiners assassins and poisoners. But they had limited powers to exercise of arms. At the time of the Maurya rulers, there were courts of judges (Dharma * Sthaniya) and police Magistrates (Kantaksodhana). The criminal law was severe and stringent. The defender of the citadel was known as kotpala and protection of city as Nagarpala. The present work kotwal and kotwali have bceh drafted from kotpal of ancient times. The Sanskrit word ‘Gulma’ became Gumma in Prakrit, and then it was extended with an affix to give our modem word Gumti which is still in use to mean round towers to observe movement of people and goods from the work chatushka, the modern chowki and chowkidar has been derived. Likewise, one prahara or duty period, and the word ‘Pahra’ meant ‘watchman’ with a fixed duty’, the contemporary word ‘Pahra’ had probably been derived from this. At that time, policemen were on duty for three hours at a time. The gramini was remunerated in cash and was assisted by any informal council of village ciders. He is not mentioned as being generally responsible for the police duties of the village but had the power to expel from the village. Thieves and adulterers try some minor offences and impose fines in certain cases. In the areas intcr-vcning between villages, there were Vivitadhyakshas who inquired into the whereabouts of passersby, checked passports and protected travelers from thieves, dacoits and wild animals. They had hunters and guards accompanied by dogs to watch the approach of thieves or gangs of outlaws, and issued warnings of dangers to villagers through men on horse-back, beat of drum, blowing of conches, carrier or by means of a scries of bearer fires. At the ferries there were Navadhyakshas to check the passports of travelers and to arrest suspects.

Volunteer Paper Essay Example For Students

Volunteer Paper Essay For my volunteer paper I wanted to volunteer at an animal hospital or shelter since I am majoring in Pre-Vet. Then I decided to do something different. I chose to student teach 1st graders at Mckinley Elementary. It is very surprising to me that I chose to do this. I always said that I hated kids and had no desire to ever work with them I even said I would never give birth to any kids because I hated them so much. The thing is that I actually enjoyed my experience very much. I chose this activity because I wanted to try something different that I thought I wouldnt like. We will write a custom essay on Volunteer Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The teacher that I did this volunteer work for was my 1st grade teacher at Mckinley Elementary when I went to school there back in 1986. The reason that I hate kids so much is because had a really bad experience with them. In the summer of last year I baby-sat these kids across the street from me that moved here from New York. They were the kids from hell. They were so annoying, and ungrateful. For instance they always asked me to buy them Taco Bell, and when I did, they would say, why did you buy me this? , or I want more, you better buy me more. I hated them. I was so stressed from them that I would cry at night. I really didnt want to baby-sit them anymore but I felt bad if I said no. So I thought I couldnt judge all kids on those three. I had to give others a chance, and didnt want to give up on having kids. I did many fun and exciting things while I was working with these kids at Mckinley. The first day Mrs. Aiken introduced me. She said, Boys and girls this is Taysha, and I was her teacher when she was your age. They were all in awe. They couldnt believe that I had her as a teacher. The first kid I helped was a black girl named Shontele. I helped her with her math work and reading. I taught her to group thins in Math when you are adding or subtracting. For example: Say you have ten subtract three. I told her to put ten into groups of five, then cross out three, and count how many there was left. She enjoyed that and thought it was now much easier to do her Math. I also learned the difference between what was right and wrong. The first day I went I had my eyebrow ring in and she didnt like it too much. She asked if it was OK with my mother. She said, Does your mother say you can have that? I told her no and she asked why I didnt listen to her. She then ! asked if I still live at home, and told her yes. She said that if I still lived at home, I had to respect her because it was her house and her right to tell me what to do. She said even if I was eighteen she still had the right to decide what I can do if I lived in her house. Well I listened and took the eyebrow ring out they next day. When it was time to leave they were all mad at me, they wanted me to stay longer, so I promised them I would come back the following week. The second day I went to the class I work with the class altogether. I work on some math problems on the computer, I had to help them work the problems out in their head and when they had the answer they got to type it in and it would tell you if it was right or wrong. As it turned out they got all of them correct out of three levels After that activity I helped them write out and sound out words that started ended with ck like tack or pack. If they were right they were allowed to color. After I finished I then corrected papers. .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f , .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .postImageUrl , .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f , .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f:hover , .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f:visited , .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f:active { border:0!important; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f:active , .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud1c8882d8f5699ee772c3e54fa01b34f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drug and Alcohol Abuse EssayThe majority of them got all of them right and when they did I drew a smiling face on there paper. This week I was not able to go because I had a doctors appointment. Now I miss them, they are great kids. When I go next week I am going to bring them cupcakes and stickers for there papers. This volunteer activity was so exciting. I enjoyed it so much. I think I am going to have kids eventually. I realized I should not have judged all of them as one. I know now some kids are angels. They also like me. I guess I get away from my family problems when I go there, and I it makes me actually happy.

Phrenology essays

Phrenology essays Phrenology Phrenology is basically the study of personality through the study of the shape of the skull. The basis of this theory is that the brain conforms to the shape of the head and its contours. This pseudoscience says that because we have isolated where different parts of personality come from we can tell how dominant this trait would be in a persons life by the size of the piece of the brain. We have since proven that this theory is not true. Franz Joseph Gall is considered to be the founder of the direct scientific link between the morphology of the skull and personality traits. Gall was one of the first scientists to consider the brain the home of all mental activities. His main work was called The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and of the Brain in Particular. In this article he put forth five points that phrenology was based on in general. 1. That moral and intellectual faculties and innate. 2. That their exercise or manifestation depends on organization. 3. That the brain is an organ of all the propensities, sentiments, and faculties. 4. The brain is composed of many particular organs as there are different propensities, sentiments, and faculties which differ from one another. 5. That the form of the head or cranium represents the form of the brain, and thus represents the relative development of the brain organs. Gall linked the faculties with precise brain localizations through careful observation and expensive experimental measures. Johann Spurzheims contribution to phrenology was also great. He helped Gall in a study of brain injuries with the phrenology concept Gall had created. He also studied many cases of aphasia following victims cranial injuries in battle. In 1832, he arrived in America, which was at that time desperate for insight into human personality, and started on a lecture circuit that eventually killed him only six months into it....

To what extent has China become a responsible stakeholder in the Essay

To what extent has China become a responsible stakeholder in the international politics of the Asia-Pacific region - Essay Example This paper shall discuss the fact that China has extensively become a responsible stakeholder in the Asia-Pacific region. The first part of this paper shall clarify the origins of the responsible stakeholder concept. Such conceptualization shall then be followed with discussions from various authors who will help determine the extent to which China has become a responsible stakeholder in the Asia-Pacific region. Finally, a discussion on China as a responsible stakeholder in terms of how it has managed to sustain the political, economic, and security systems that provide common benefits for the nations in the Asia-Pacific region shall be discussed. The ‘responsible stakeholder’ concept was initially coined by US Deputy State Secretary Robert Zoellick; he conceptualized this term very much in relation to Central Asia—more particularly, China. According to Zoellick, responsibility as a stakeholder exists when â€Å"major power invested in the international system has a compelling interest in seeing its investment protected and the rules of the international system defended against those likely to violate them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Zoellick, as quoted by Rumer, et.al., 2007, p. 70). Responsibility as stakeholders, in this instance, involves international cooperation and the protection of common interests. Being a responsible stakeholder also implies a stakeholder’s (in this instance, China) capacity to sustain the existing political, security and economic systems in the region (Asia-Pacific region). The extent to which China has become a responsible stakeholder in the Asia-Pacific region is one of the most crucial questions in international politics. In his paper, Gries (2005) points out that China’s communist/socialist political system has somehow allowed it to modify its demeanor in the past several years. â€Å"More and more Chinese are claiming a nationalist